La hospitalización domiciliaria del paciente agudo: un nuevo enfoque de cuidados / Home hospitalization of the acute patient: a new approach to care

La hospitalización a domicilio (HAD) pediátrica tiene como objetivo proveer al paciente y a su familia de una alternativa a la hospitalización convencional, de forma segura y eficaz, mejorando la calidad de vida del paciente y su familia. Las patologías más frecuentes en HAD de paciente agudo pediátrico son la patología respiratoria aguda y las infecciones bacterianas que precisan antibioterapia parenteral. El éxito de un programa de hospitalización domiciliaria de paciente agudo recae en la adecuada selección de pacientes y la exhaustiva capacitación de los cuidadores, así como en una buena comunicación y coordinación entre los diferentes servicios y niveles de atención implicados.(AU)

Pediatric hospitalization at home (HAH) aims to provide the patient and his family with an alternative to conventional hospitalization, safely and effectively, improving the quality of life of the patient and his family. The most frequent pathologies in HAH in pediatric acute patients are acute respiratory pathology and bacterial infections that require parenteral antibiotic therapy. The success of an acute patient home hospitalization program relies on the proper selection of patients and exhaustive training of caregivers, as well as good communication and coordination between the different services and levels of care involved.(AU)

Immune checkpoint inhibitors and hospitalization at home in France.

CONTEXT: The administration of immune checkpoints inhibitors (ICIs) within hospitalization at home (HaH) organizations is an interesting alternative to conventional care. Three surveys were carried out to describe the different organizational models of French HaHs and criteria used by physicians in patient selection. METHODS: Three surveys were conducted between April 1 and August 31, 2020. The first one was addressed to all French HaHs, and the two others to public HaHs and oncologists treating patients with solid cancer in the Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes region. RESULTS: Overall, 54 French HaHs and 23 oncologists participated to the study. The health professionals involved in the patients' care were very heterogeneous, although in 92% of cases, the treatment prescription was made by the oncologist. HaH physicians were more involved in clinical assessment the day before treatment (19% vs. 0%), treatment validation (56% vs. 15%), and treatment prescription (19% vs. 0%), while nurses were better equipped (emergency kit available in 81% versus 50% of cases) when HaHs did carry out ICIs compared to when they did not. Most oncologists agreed that age, neuropsychiatric disorders, home environment, as well as treatment duration and good tolerance should be considered in patient selection. ECOG PS status and treatment response were less consensually considered. CONCLUSION: These results highlight the variability in French HaH organizations and patient selection criteria for employing ICIs at home. This study resulted in recommendations for administrating ICIs in HaH settings, which will likely be instrumental in further promoting this activity across France.

Perception of risk of exposure in the management of hazardous drugs in home hospitalization and hospital units.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the perception of risk of exposure in the management of hazardous drugs (HDs) through home hospitalization and hospital units. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A questionnaire was released, at the national level, to health professionals with HD management expertise. Questionnaire included 21 questions that were scored using a Likert scale: 0 (null probability) to 4 (very high probability). The internal consistency and reliability of the questionnaire were calculated using Cronbach's alpha and the intraclass correlation coefficient, respectively. RESULTS: 144 questionnaires (response rate 70.2%) were obtained: 65 (45.1%) were nurses, 42 (28.9%) occupational physicians, and 37 (26.1%) were pharmacists. Cronbach's alpha was 0.93, and intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.94 (95% CI 0.91-0.97; p-value < 0.001). The mean probability was 1.95 ± 1.02 (median 1.9; minimum: 0.05; 1st quartile 1.1; 3rd quartile 2.6; and maximum 4). Differences were observed in scoring among professional groups (occupational physicians versus nurses (1.6/2.1, p = 0.044); pharmacists versus nurses (1.7/2.1, p = 0.05); and occupational physicians versus pharmacists (1.6/1.7, p = 0.785), due mainly to the administration stage (p = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS: The perception of risk of exposure was moderate, being higher for nurses. It would be advisable to integrate HDs into a standardized management system (risk management model applicable to any healthcare center) to improve the safety of health professionals.

Hospital-at-Home Interventions vs In-Hospital Stay for Patients With Chronic Disease Who Present to the Emergency Department: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Importance: Hospitalizations are costly and may lead to adverse events; hospital-at-home interventions could be a substitute for in-hospital stays, particularly for patients with chronic diseases who use health services more than other patients. Despite showing promising results, heterogeneity in past systematic reviews remains high. Objective: To systematically review and assess the association between patient outcomes and hospital-at-home interventions as a substitute for in-hospital stay for community-dwelling patients with a chronic disease who present to the emergency department and are offered at least 1 home visit from a nurse and/or physician. Data Sources: Databases were searched from date of inception to March 4, 2019. The databases were Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Ovid PsycINFO, CINAHL, Health Technology Assessment, the Cochrane Library, OVID Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Study Selection: Randomized clinical trials in which the experimental group received hospital-at-home interventions and the control group received the usual in-hospital care. Patients were 18 years or older with a chronic disease who presented to the emergency department and received home visits from a nurse or physician. Data Extraction and Synthesis: Risk of bias was assessed, and a meta-analysis was conducted for outcomes that were reported by at least 2 studies using comparable measures. Risk ratios (RRs) were reported for binary outcomes and mean differences for continuous outcomes. Narrative synthesis was performed for other outcomes. Main Outcomes and Measures: Outcomes of interest were patient outcomes, which included mortality, long-term care admission, readmission, length of treatment, out-of-pocket costs, depression and anxiety, quality of life, patient satisfaction, caregiver stress, cognitive status, nutrition, morbidity due to hospitalization, functional status, and neurological deficits. Results: Nine studies were included, providing data on 959 participants (median age, 71.0 years [interquartile range, 70.0-79.9 years]; 613 men [63.9%]; 346 women [36.1%]). Mortality did not differ between the hospital-at-home and the in-hospital care groups (RR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.61-1.15; I2 = 0%). Risk of readmission was lower (RR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.57-0.95; I2 = 31%) and length of treatment was longer in the hospital-at-home group than in the in-hospital group (mean difference, 5.45 days; 95% CI, 1.91-8.97 days; I2 = 87%). In addition, the hospital-at-home group had a lower risk of long-term care admission than the in-hospital care group (RR, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.03-0.74; I2 = 0%). Patients who received hospital-at-home interventions had lower depression and anxiety than those who remained in-hospital, but there was no difference in functional status. Other patient outcomes showed mixed results. Conclusions and Relevance: The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that hospital-at-home interventions represent a viable substitute to an in-hospital stay for patients with chronic diseases who present to the emergency department and who have at least 1 visit from a nurse or physician. Although the heterogeneity of the findings remained high for some outcomes, particularly for length of treatment, the heterogeneity of this study was comparable to that of past reviews and further explored.

Frequency, profile, and outcomes of patients with acute heart failure transferred directly to home hospitalization from emergency departments.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the frequency, clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with acute heart failure (AHF) transferred directly from emergency departments to home hospitalisation (HH) and to compare them with those hospitalised in internal medicine (IM) or short-stay units (SSU). METHOD: We included patients with AHF transferred to HH by hospitals that considered this option during the Epidemiology of Acute Heart Failure in Spanish Emergency Departments (EAHFE) 4-5-6 Registries and compared them with patients admitted to IM or SSU in these centres. We compared the adjusted all-cause mortality at 1 year and adverse events 30 days after discharge. RESULTS: The study included 1473 patients (HH/IM/SSU:68/979/384). The HH rate was 4.7% (95% CI 3.8-6.0%). The patients in HH had few differences compared with those hospitalised in IM and SSUs. The HH mortality was 1.5%, and the HH median stay was 7.5 days (IQR, 4.5-12), similar to that of IM (median stay, 8 days; IQR, 5-13; p = .106) and longer than that of SSU (median stay, 4 days; IQR, 3-7; p < .001). The all-cause mortality at 1 year for HH did not differ from that of IM (HR, 0.91; 95% CI 0.73-1.14) or SSU (HR, 0.77; 95% CI 0.46-1.27); however, the emergency department readmission rate during the 30 days postdischarge was lower than that of IM (HR, 0.50; 95% CI 0.25-0.97) and SSU (HR, 0.37; 95% CI 0.19-0.74). There were no differences in the need for new hospitalisations or in the 30-day mortality rate. CONCLUSIONS: Direct transfer from the emergency department to HH is infrequent despite being a safe option for a certain patient profile with AHF.

Quality of end-of-life care of home-based care with or without palliative services for patients with advanced illnesses.

ABSTRACT: Palliative care has improved quality of end-of-life (EOL) care for patients with cancer, and these benefits may be extended to patients with other serious illnesses. EOL care quality for patients with home-based care is a critical problem for health care providers. We compare EOL quality care between patients with advanced illnesses receiving home-based care with and without palliative services.The medical records of deceased patients who received home-based care at a community teaching hospital in south Taiwan from January to December 2019 were collected retrospectively. We analyzed EOL care quality indicators during the last month of life.A total of 164 patients were included for analysis. Fifty-two (31.7%) received palliative services (HP group), and 112 (68.3%) did not receive palliative services (non-HP group). Regarding the quality indicators of EOL care, we discovered that a lower percentage of the HP group died in a hospital than did that of the non-HP group (34.6% vs 62.5%, P = .001) through univariate analysis. We found that the HP group had lower scores on the aggressiveness of EOL care than did the non-HP group (0.5 ±â€Š0.9 vs 1.0 ±â€Š1.0, P<.001). Furthermore, palliative services were a significant and negative factor of dying in a hospital after adjustment (OR = 0.13, 95%CI = 0.05-0.36, P < .001).For patients with advanced illnesses receiving home-based care, palliative services are associated with lower scores on the aggressiveness of EOL care and a reduced probability of dying in a hospital.

COVID-19 outbreak: An experience to reappraise the role of hospital at home in the anti-cancer drug injection.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 outbreak has posed considerable challenges to the health care system worldwide, especially for cancer treatment. We described the activity and the care organisation of the Hospitalisation At Home (HAH) structure during the pandemic for treating patients with anti-cancer injections. METHODS: We report the established organisation, the eligibility criteria, the patient characteristics, the treatment schemes and the stakeholders' role during two 5-week periods in 2020, before and during the French population's lockdown. RESULTS: The increase of activity during the lockdown (+32% of treated patients, +156% of new patients and +28% of delivered preparations) concerned solid tumour, mainly breast cancer, even if haematological malignancies remained the most frequent. Thirty different drugs were delivered, including three new drugs administered in HAH versus 19 during the routine period (p < 0.01). For those clinical departments accustomed to using HAH, the usual organisation was kept, but with adjustments. Five clinical departments increased the number of patients treated at home and widened the panel of drugs prescribed. Three oncology departments and one radiotherapy department for the first time solicited HAH for anti-cancer injections, mainly for immunotherapy. We adjusted the HAH organisation with additional human resources and allowed to prescribe drugs with an infusion time of <30 min only for the new prescribers. CONCLUSION: HAH allowed for the continuation of anti-cancer injections without postponement during the pandemic, and for a decrease in unnecessary patient travel to hospital with its concomitant COVID-19 transmission risk. Often left out of guidelines, the place of HAH in treating cancer patients should be reappraised, even more so during a pandemic.

Frecuencia, perfil y resultados de los pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca aguda que ingresan directamente en hospitalización a domicilio desde urgencias / Frequency, profile and results of patients with acute heart failure transferred directly to home hospitalisation from emergency departments

Objetivo Describir frecuencia, características clínicas y evolución de los pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca aguda (ICA) ingresados directamente desde urgencias en hospitalización a domicilio (HaD) así como compararlos con los ingresados en medicina interna (MI) o unidad de corta estancia (UCE). Método Se incluyeron los pacientes con ICA ingresados en HaD por parte de los hospitales que contemplaban esta opción durante los Registros EAHFE 4-5-6 y se compararon con los casos que ingresaron en MI o UCE en estos centros. Se compararon la mortalidad por cualquier causa al año y los eventos adversos a los 30días tras el alta de forma ajustada. Resultados Se incluyeron 1.473 pacientes (HaD/MI/UCE: 68/979/384). La frecuencia de HaD fue del 4,7% (IC95%=3,8-6,0%). Los pacientes en HaD tuvieron escasas diferencias respecto a los ingresados en MI y UCE. Su mortalidad durante el ingreso fue del 1,5% y la duración de la estancia mediana fue de 7,5días (RIC=4,5-12), parecida a MI (mediana=8; RIC=5-13; p=0,106) y superior a UCE (mediana=4; RIC=3-7; p<0,001). La mortalidad por cualquier causa al año en HaD no difirió respecto a MI (HR=0,91; IC95%=0,73-1,14) o UCE (HR=0,77; IC95%=0,46-1,27), pero la reconsulta a urgencias durante los 30días postalta fue menor respecto a MI (HR=0,50; IC95%=0,25-0,97) y a UCE (HR=0,37; IC95%=0,19-0,74). No hubo diferencias en la necesidad de nuevas hospitalizaciones o en la mortalidad a 30días. Conclusiones El ingreso directo desde urgencias en HaD es poco frecuente a pesar de ser una opción segura en un determinado perfil de pacientes con ICA (AU)

Objective To describe the frequency, clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with acute heart failure (AHF) transferred directly from emergency departments to home hospitalisation (HH) and to compare them with those hospitalised in internal medicine (IM) or short-stay units (SSU). Method We included patients with AHF transferred to HH by hospitals that considered this option during the Epidemiology of Acute Heart Failure in Spanish Emergency Departments (EAHFE) 4-5-6 Registries and compared them with patients admitted to IM or SSU in these centres. We compared the adjusted all-cause mortality at 1 year and adverse events 30 days after discharge. Results The study included 1473 patients (HH/IM/SSU: 68/979/384). The HH rate was 4.7% (95% CI, 3.8-6.0%). The patients in HH had few differences compared with those hospitalised in IM and SSUs. The HH mortality was 1.5%, and the HH median stay was 7.5 days (IQR, 4.5-12), similar to that of IM (median stay, 8 days; IQR, 5-13; p=.106) and longer than that of SSU (median stay, 4 days; IQR, 3-7; p<.001). The all-cause mortality at 1 year for HH did not differ from that of IM (HR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.73-1.14) or SSU (HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.46-1.27); however, the emergency department readmission rate during the 30 days postdischarge was lower than that of IM (HR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.25-0.97) and SSU (HR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.19-0.74). There were no differences in the need for new hospitalisations or in the 30-day mortality rate. Conclusions Direct transfer from the emergency department to HH is infrequent despite being a safe option for a certain patient profile with AHF (AU)

Hospital at home for the management of COVID-19: preliminary experience with 63 patients.

Alternatives to conventional hospitalization are needed to increase health systems resilience in the face of COVID-19 pandemic. Herein, we describe the characteristics and outcomes of 63 patients admitted to a single HaH during the peak of COVID-19 in Barcelona. Our results suggest that HaH seems to be a safe and efficacious alternative to conventional hospitalization for accurately selected patients with COVID-19.

Can a telemonitoring system lead to decreased hospitalization in elderly patients?

INTRODUCTION: Growing populations of elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or heart failure (HF) require more healthcare. A four-year telehealth intervention - the Health Diary system based on digital pen technology - was implemented. We hypothesized that study patients with advanced COPD or HF would have lower rates of hospitalization when using the Health Diary. The aim was to investigate the effects of the intervention on healthcare costs and the number of hospitalizations, as well as other care required in COPD and HF patients. METHODS: Patients were introduced to the telemonitoring system which was supervised by a specialized hospital-based home care (HBHC) unit. Staff associated with this unit were responsible for the healthcare provided. The study included patients with COPD or HF, aged ≥ 65 years who were frequently hospitalized due to exacerbations - at least two inpatient episodes within the last 12 months. Observed number of hospitalizations and total healthcare costs were compared with the expected values, which were calculated using the generalized estimating equations (GEE) method. RESULTS: A total of 36 COPD and 58 HF patients with advanced stages of disease were included. The number of hospitalizations was significantly reduced for both HF and COPD patients participating in telemonitoring. Accordingly, hospitalization costs were significantly reduced for both groups, but the total healthcare cost was not significantly different from the expected costs. CONCLUSION: A telemonitoring system, the Health Diary, combined with a specialized HBHC unit significantly decreases the need for hospital care in elderly patients with advanced HF or COPD without increasing total healthcare costs.

Intensity of Care, Expenditure, and Place of Death in French Women in the Year Before Their Death From Breast Cancer: A Population-Based Study.

Health care utilization of women with breast cancer (BC) during the last year of life, together with the causes and place of death and associated expenditure have been poorly described. Women treated for BC (2014-2015) with BC as a cause of death in 2015 and covered by the national health insurance general scheme (77% of the population) were identified in the French health data system (n = 6,696, mean age: 68.7 years, SD ± 15). Almost 70% died in short-stay hospitals (SSH), 4% in hospital-at-home (HaH), 9% in Rehab, 5% in skilled nursing homes (SNH) and 12% at home. One-third presented cardiovascular comorbidity. During the last year, 90% were hospitalized at least once in SSH, 25% in Rehab, 13% in HaH and 71% received hospital palliative care (HPC), but only 5% prior to their end-of-life stay. During the last month, 85% of women were admitted at least once to a SSH, 42% via the emergency department, 10% to an ICU, 24% received inpatient chemotherapy and 18% received outpatient chemotherapy. Among the 83% of women who died in hospital, independent factors for HPC use were cardiovascular comorbidity (adjusted odds ratio, aOR: 0.83; 95%CI: 0.72-0.95) and, in the 30 days before death, at least one SNH stay (aOR: 0.52; 95%CI: 0.36-0.76), ICU stay (aOR: 0.36; 95%CI: 0.30-0.43), inpatient chemotherapy (aOR: 0.55; 95%CI: 0.48-0.63), outpatient chemotherapy (aOR: 0.60; 95%CI: 0.51-0.70), death in Rehab (aOR: 1.4; 95%CI: 1.05-1.86) or HAH (aOR: 4.5; 95%CI: 2.47-8.1) vs SSH. Overall mean expenditure reimbursed per woman was €38,734 and €42,209 for those with PC. Women with inpatient or outpatient chemotherapy during the last month had lower rates of HPC, suggesting declining use of HPC before death. This study also indicates SSH-centered management with increased use of HPC in HaH and Rehab units and decreased access to HPC in SNH.

Repercusión en la capacidad funcional del ingreso en Hospitalización a Domicilio en pacientes mayores de 80 años / Impact of admission at Hospital at Home on the functional status in patients older than 80 years

INTRODUCCIÓN: La hospitalización por enfermedad aguda en pacientes ancianos puede significar la aparición de deterioro funcional hospitalario (DFH). Por su elevada frecuencia y las graves consecuencias derivadas, analizamos el deterioro funcional en pacientes ingresados en una unidad de Hospitalización a Domicilio (HAD). MÉTODO: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de pacientes ≥ 80 años ingresados en HAD. Se obtuvieron variables demográficas y sociofamiliares, procedencia del ingreso, duración del ingreso previo e ingreso en HAD, variables clínicas y comorbilidad. Se recogió situación funcional basal, al ingreso, al alta y a los 3 meses según índice de Barthel (IB). Se excluyeron las estancias cortas, los paliativos, los fallecidos, aquellos con IB previo < 10 y los reingresos como motivo de alta. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 168 pacientes ≥80 años, 52.4% hombres. El 71.4% procedentes de urgencias. Los pacientes institucionalizados presentaron peor resultado funcional. El 40,5% presentó pérdida funcional (PF) al ingreso. Al alta, mejoraron 1.2%, se mantuvieron el 59,3% y empeoraron el 39,4%. La PF al alta es menor si la estancia hospitalaria es ≤ 2 días y la estancia total <7 días. El uso de sonda vesical se asocia a peor resultado funcional al alta y se mantiene a los 3 meses. CONCLUSIONES: La HAD puede reducir el DFH si se acorta la estancia hospitalaria previa

INTRODUCTION: Hospitalization for acute illness in elderly patients may precipitate the appearance of hospital functional impairment (HFI). Due to its high frequency and the serious consequences derived, we analysed functional results in patients admitted to a Hospital at Home (HAH) unit. METHOD: Retrospective descriptive study of patients ≥ 80 years admitted to HAH. We collected sociodemographic characteristics, source of referral, previous hospital stay and HAH stay, clinical assessment and comorbidity. Functional status previous, at admission, at discharge and after 3 months was collected according to the Barthel index (BI). Short stays, palliative care, deaths, those with a previous BI <10, and readmissions as a reason for discharge were excluded. RESULTS: 168 patients ≥80 years old, 52.4% men, were included. 71.4% admitted from the emergency department. Institutionalized patients presented worse functional results. 40.5% presented functional loss (FL) at admission. At discharge, they improved 1.2%, remained 59.3% and worsened 39.4%. The FL at discharge is lower if the previous hospital stay is ≤ 2 days and the total stay <7 days. The use of bladder catheter is associated with a worse functional result at discharge and is maintained at 3 months. CONCLUSIONS: HAH can reduce HFI if the previous hospital stay is shortened

Lugar de la muerte de las personas tributarias de recibir cuidados paliativos en las Illes Balears / Place of death of people candidate to recive palliative care in the Balearic Islands

OBJETIVO: Describir dónde fallecen las personas tributarias de recibir atención por servicios específicos de cuidados paliativos en la Comunidad Autónoma de les Illes Balears (CAIB) en los años 2015 y 2016. MÉTODO: Estudio descriptivo. Sujetos: personas fallecidas en la CAIB por causas susceptibles de requerir atención paliativa prestada por los servicios específi cos de CP. VARIABLES: lugar de fallecimiento, sector sanitario, causa, sexo y edad. Fuentes: registro de mortalidad de la CAIB y memorias de actividad de los Equipos de Soporte de Atención Domiciliaria y de la Unidad de Cuidados Paliativos Pediátricos del Hospital Son Espases. RESULTADOS: En 2015 fallecieron en el domicilio 852 personas, mientras que en el año 2016 fueron 837. Representan el 31,2 y el 28,9 %, respectivamente, del total de fallecidos tributarios de recibir cuidados paliativos específicos. El número de personas que fallecen en el domicilio es distinto entre los sectores sanitarios de las islas con porcentajes que oscilan entre el 20,6 y el 48 %. También se han hallado diferencias en función del sexo de las personas fallecidas en domicilio, siendo menor en los hombres que en las mujeres. CONCLUSIONES: Los porcentajes de fallecidos en domicilio en CAIB se encuentran alejados de las preferencias manifestadas en los estudios revisados. Existe variabilidad entre los sectores sanitarios de la Comunidad. Se han reducido los porcentajes de muerte en domicilio entre los años 2015 y 2016. Se identifi can diferencias en función del sexo y de las patologías analizadas. Necesitamos avanzar en la disponibilidad de estándares

OBJECTIVE: To describe where people candidate to receive specific palliative care (PC) services died in the autonomous community of the Balearic Islands (CAIB) from 2015 through 2016. METHOD: This was a descriptive study. Subjects: people who died in the CAIB from causes susceptible to requiring palliative care by specific PC services. VARIABLES: place of death, health care sector, cause, sex, and age. Sources: CAIB death registry and activity reports by home care suport teams (ESAD) and the pediatric palliative care unit (PPCUN) at Hospital Son Espases. RESULTS: In 2015 a total of 852 patients died in their homes, whereas in 2016 the number of home deaths was 837. These represent 31.2 % and 28.9 % of all deaths in patients candidate to receive specific palliative care, respectively. The number of patients who die in their homes varies among health care sectors in the Islands, with percentages oscillating between 20.6 % and 48 %. Differences were also found according to the gender of those who died in their homes, with numbers being lower for men as compared to women. CONCLUSIONS: The percentages of home deaths in the CAIB are far removed from the preferences reported in the studies reviewed. There is variability among health care sectors in our autonomous community. Home death percentages decreased from 2015 to 2016. Differences may be identified according to gender and health condition. We need to move forward to having some standards available

10 años de hospitalización a domicilio en el entorno de un hospital comarcal / 10 years of hospital at home in a regional hospital environment

INTRODUCCIÓN: La Hospitalización a Domicilio (HAD) se inició en nuestra zona a finales de 2007, actualmente consta de 3 unidades, 30 camas y tiene una cobertura territorial del 80%. La modalidad de ingreso es mixto, evitación de ingreso y alta precoz. OBJETIVO: analizar los resultados de HAD en los últimos 10 años en cuanto a eficacia y eficiencia. MÉTODO: Análisis retrospectivo de los pacientes ingresados en HAD (enero 2009-Diciembre 2018) para definir tipología de paciente y procedencia, evaluar indicadores de estancia media, retorno al hospital, reingreso a los 30 días, mortalidad y coste comparado con hospitalización convencional. RESULTADOS: Se han realizado 6.033 altas. El 86% de los pacientes ingresaron por un proceso médico con predominio de las enfermedades del aparato respiratorio (43,7%). La modalidad de evitación de ingreso supuso el 79% de los ingresos en HAD. La estancia media en HAD fue de 7,1 días y el retorno al hospital por complicaciones del 4,1%. La mortalidad fue del 2,3% y los reingresos por cualquier motivo en los 30 días siguientes al alta de HAD del 12,2%, ambos inferiores a los resultados de las unidades de hospitalización de Medicina Interna. La gravedad según el sistema de clasificación APRDRG de los pacientes ingresados en HAD fue significativamente superior a la encontrada en la Unidad de Corta Estancia pero menor que en las unidades de hospitalización de Medicina Interna, tal como era de esperar. El coste de estructura por día de estancia en HAD fue, aproximadamente, 3 veces inferior al de hospitalización convencional. CONCLUSIONES: HAD ha sido una alternativa útil a la hospitalización convencional, principalmente para patología médica de pacientes que precisando ingreso, no necesitaban toda la infraestructura hospitalaria

INTRODUCTION: Hospital at Home (HAH) started in our area at the end of 2007; currently it consists of 3 units, 30 beds and 80% territorial coverage. It has two main aims: to avoid unnecessary hospital admission and to allow early discharge. OBJECTIVE: to analyze the results of HAH in the last 10 years in terms of effectiveness and efficiency. METHOD: Retrospective analysis of patients discharged in HAH (January 2009-December 2018) to define patient typology and source of admission, to evaluate indicators of length of stay, return to hospital, 30-day readmission rate, mortality rate, severity according to the APRDRG classification system and cost compared to conventional hospitalization. RESULTS: 6,033 patients have been discharged. 86% of patients were admitted through a medical process with a predominance of respiratory diseases (43.7%). The modality of Hospital admission avoidance was 79% of the admissions in HAH. The average length of stay in HAH was 7.1 days; the return to the hospital due to complications was 4.1%. Mortality rate was 2.3%, and the 30-day readmission rate was 12.2 %, both lower than the average of the Internal Medicine units. The severity according to the APRDRG classification system of patients admitted in HAH was significantly higher than in the Short Stay Hospital Unit but less than conventional hospitalization in Internal Medicine Units, as expected. The cost of structure per day of stay in HAH is approximately 3 times lower than conventional hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: HAH has been a useful alternative to conventional hospitalization, mainly for medical pathology of patients who, requiring admission, did not need the entire hospital infrastructure

Is Referral to Home Health Rehabilitation After Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility Associated With 90-Day Hospital Readmission for Adult Patients With Stroke?

OBJECTIVE: We examined the association between home health rehabilitation referral and 90-day risk-adjusted hospital readmission after discharge from inpatient rehabilitation facilities among adult patients recovering from stroke (N = 1219). DESIGN: A secondary data analysis of the 2005-2006 Stroke Recovery in Underserved Population database. A logistic regression model, multilevel model, and the propensity score inverse probability weighting model were used to evaluate the risk of 90-day rehospitalization between patients with stroke who received a referral for home health rehabilitation and those who did not receive a home health rehabilitation referral at inpatient rehabilitation facility discharge. RESULTS: The regression, multilevel, and propensity score inverse probability weighting models indicated that inpatient rehabilitation facility patients with stroke who received home health rehabilitation referral had substantially lower odds of 90-day rehospitalization after inpatient rehabilitation facility discharge compared with those who were not referred to home health (odds ratio = 0.325, 95% confidence interval = 0.138-0.764; odds ratio = 0.340, 95% confidence interval = 0.139-0.832; odds ratio = 0.407, 95% confidence interval = 0.183-0.906, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest the importance of continuation of care (home health) after hospitalization and intense inpatient rehabilitation for stroke. Additional research is needed to establish appropriate use criteria and explore potential underuse of home health services as well as the benefits for follow-up outpatient services for those who do not qualify for home health at inpatient rehabilitation facility discharge.

Home Oxygen Use and 1-Year Readmission among Infants Born Preterm with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Discharged from Children's Hospital Neonatal Intensive Care Units.

OBJECTIVE: To determine associations between home oxygen use and 1-year readmissions for preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) discharged from regional neonatal intensive care units. STUDY DESIGN: We performed a secondary analysis of the Children's Hospitals Neonatal Database, with readmission data via the Pediatric Hospital Information System and demographics using ZIP-code-linked census data. We included infants born <32 weeks of gestation with BPD, excluding those with anomalies and tracheostomies. Our primary outcome was readmission by 1 year corrected age; secondary outcomes included readmission duration, mortality, and readmission diagnosis-related group codes. A staged multivariable logistic regression was adjusted for center, clinical, and social risk factors; at each stage we included variables associated at P < .1 in bivariable analysis with home oxygen use or readmission. RESULTS: Home oxygen was used in 1906 of 3574 infants (53%) in 22 neonatal intensive care units. Readmission occurred in 34%. Earlier gestational age, male sex, gastrostomy tube, surgical necrotizing enterocolitis, lower median income, nonprivate insurance, and shorter hospital-to-home distance were associated with readmission. Home oxygen was not associated with odds of readmission (OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 0.98-1.56), readmission duration, or mortality. Readmissions for infants with home oxygen were more often coded as BPD (16% vs 4%); readmissions for infants on room air were more often gastrointestinal (29% vs 22%; P < .001). Clinical risk factors explained 72% of center variance in readmission. CONCLUSIONS: Home oxygen use is not associated with readmission for infants with BPD in regional neonatal intensive care units. Center variation in home oxygen use does not impact readmission risk. Nonrespiratory problems are important contributors to readmission risk for infants with BPD.

Endometrial cancer patients' preferences for follow-up after treatment: A cross-sectional survey.

PURPOSE: Alternatives to hospital follow-up (HFU) following treatment for cancer have been advocated. Telephone follow-up (TFU) and patient-initiated follow-up are being implemented but it is unclear if these approaches will meet the preferences and needs of patients. This study aimed to explore the preferences of endometrial cancer patients and their levels of satisfaction with HFU and nurse-led TFU. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey design was utilised and a questionnaire was administered to 236 patients who had participated in a randomised controlled trial comparing HFU with TFU for women diagnosed with Stage I endometrial cancer (ENDCAT trial). RESULTS: 211 (89.4%) patients returned the questionnaire; 105 in the TFU group and 106 in the HFU group. The TFU group were more likely to indicate that appointments were on time (p < 0.001) and were more likely to report that their appointments were thorough (p = 0.011). Participants tended to prefer what was familiar to them. Those in the HFU group tended to prefer hospital-based appointments while the TFU group tended to prefer appointments with a clinical nurse specialist, regardless of locality. CONCLUSIONS: To provide patient centred follow-up services we need to ensure that patient preferences are taken into account and understand that patients may come to prefer what they have experienced. Patient initiated approaches may become standard and preferred practice but TFU remains a high-quality alternative to HFU and may provide an effective transition between HFU and patient-initiated approaches.

Associations of Hospital Discharge Services With Potentially Avoidable Readmissions Within 30 Days Among Older Adults After Rehabilitation in Acute Care Hospitals in Tokyo, Japan.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the associations of 3 major hospital discharge services covered under health insurance (discharge planning, rehabilitation discharge instruction, and coordination with community care) with potentially avoidable readmissions (PARs) within 30 days in older adults after rehabilitation in acute care hospitals in Tokyo, Japan. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study using a large-scale medical claims database of all Tokyo residents aged ≥75 years. SETTING: Acute care hospitals. PARTICIPANTS: Patients who underwent rehabilitation and were discharged to home (N=31,247; mean age in years ± SD, 84.1±5.7) between October 2013 and July 2014. INTERVENTIONS: None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: 30-day PAR. RESULTS: Among the patients, 883 (2.9%) experienced 30-day PAR. A multivariable logistic generalized estimating equation model (with a logit link function and binominal sampling distribution) that adjusted for patient characteristics and clustering within hospitals showed that the discharge services were not significantly associated with 30-day PAR. The odds ratios were 0.962 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.805-1.151) for discharge planning, 1.060 (95% CI, 0.916-1.227) for rehabilitation discharge instruction, and 1.118 (95% CI, 0.817-1.529) for coordination with community care. In contrast, the odds of 30-day PAR among patients with home medical care services were 1.431 times higher than those of patients without these services (P<.001), and the odds of 30-day PAR among patients with a higher number (median or higher) of rehabilitation units were 2.031 times higher than those of patients with a lower number (below median) (P<.001). Also, the odds of 30-day PAR among patients with a higher Hospital Frailty Risk Score (median or higher) were 1.252 times higher than those of patients with a lower score (below median) (P=.001). CONCLUSIONS: The insurance-covered discharge services were not associated with 30-day PAR, and the development of comprehensive transitional care programs through the integration of existing discharge services may help to reduce such readmissions.

Tratamiento ambulatorio involuntario: una propuesta de regulación / Involuntary outpatient treatment: a proposal of regulation

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